Copper pot boiled mutton undesirable
acid or alkali and heat conditions, changes can be generated from the copper of Pok. high-protein food for the lamb, both of tomatoes, it will produce some toxic substances harmful to human health, although copper is an important necessary trace elements, but a lot into the body, but also easy to cause toxic reactions. In general the toxicity of heavy metals have some, but the toxicity of heavy metals into the body with the strength and dose-related manner. orally, the toxicity of copper to the premise of the absorption of copper , insoluble copper, copper toxicity than small, in particular water-soluble salts such as copper acetate and copper sulfate copper toxicity when copper than the body requirements of 100 to 150 times, can cause necrotizing hepatitis and hemolytic anemia.
l, acute copper toxicity in daily life the causes of acute copper toxicity include treatment of excessive application of copper sulfate, copper containing Pseudomonas and storage of food storage containers, and intentionally or unintentionally swallow soluble copper salt, etc. Among them, copper utensils stored with food, beverages or foods containing vinegar, pickled food in the cooking utensils in copper toxicity, copper utensils in tea may also cause poisoning.
acute clinical manifestations of copper poisoning acute gastroenteritis, poisoning the mouth, metallic taste, salivation, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain, diarrhea, sometimes with vomiting and melena. After oral administration of a large number of copper, teeth, gums, tongue blue dye or green dye, vomit blue-green, hemoglobinuria or hematuria, oliguria or anuria, renal failure may be due to serious illness and death; some patients in the first 2 to 3 days of poisoning jaundice. lysosomal copper with the role of fat oxidation, leading induced lysosomal membrane rupture, causing massive release of hydrolytic enzymes in liver tissue necrosis; hemolysis may also be caused by jaundice. In addition, the smelting of copper workers, workers welded polished copper objects, paint polishing copper oxide workers in copper oxide inhalation fine particles after acute copper poisoning, can be manifestations of acute metal fume fever, performance of work hours occur after Ji chills, fever, up to 39 ℃ or more, a lot of sweating, thirst, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, dizziness , dry throat, cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and sometimes nausea, loss of appetite. the general incidence of the night, next morning fever, was a transient performance, but 1 to 2 days of feeling tired and weak, if associated with bronchitis bronchial tube inflammation or pneumonia symptoms may continue for several days. may increase serum copper, serum copper levels increased up to 126 ~ 166mg/100ml (normal is 76.6mg/100ml). other copper and copper dust into the eyes inside can cause conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, eyelid edema.
2, chronic copper poisoning in general because a lot of long-term inhalation of copper-containing gas or deterrence into foods due to copper-term exposure to high concentrations of copper dust workers, X Zhao chest ray radiation can occur when the cord-like fibrosis, some nodules may appear, these changes may be copper dust and chronic irritation and lung infection; the clinical manifestations of neurological memory loss, inability to concentrate, easy excited, but also can occur multiple neuritis, neurasthenia syndrome, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system sensitive than the EEG shows brain wave rhythm disorder, there diffuse slow wave rhythm, etc.; digestive system, there may be loss of appetite, nausea heart, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, abdominal pain, some patients hepatomegaly, abnormal liver function; can occur in the cardiovascular precordial pain, palpitations, high blood pressure or low blood pressure; in the endocrine, the small number of patients had erectile dysfunction, may also there sella expanded, non-secreting pituitary adenoma, characterized by obesity, facial flushing, and hypertension.
chronic copper poisoning usually because a large number of long-term inhalation of copper into copper-containing gas or food due to deterrence. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of copper dust workers, X-ray chest shot Zhao cords can occur when fibrosis, some nodules may appear, these changes may be chronic stimulation of copper dust and lung infection; clinical manifestations of the nervous system There are memory loss, difficulty concentrating, easily excited, but also can occur multiple neuritis, neurasthenia syndrome, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system sensitive than the EEG shows brain wave rhythm disorder, there diffuse slow wave rhythm, etc. ; digestive system, there may be loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, jaundice, some patients had hepatomegaly, abnormal liver function, etc.; in the cardiovascular area, there may be chest pain, palpitations, high blood pressure or low blood pressure; in endocrine , the small number of patients had erectile dysfunction, may also occur sellar expansion, non-secreting pituitary adenoma, characterized by obesity, facial flushing, and hypertension.
3, liver degeneration is another copper poisoning performance, liver degeneration is an uncommon congenital recessive genetic disease of copper metabolism in short ridge, in essence, is a chronic copper poisoning in childhood manifestations of chronic liver disease symptoms, young age and neurological symptoms, and long-standing rule not improve, the hospital should be invited to check this disease in detail. more than a family history of the disease, manifestations of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, recurrent unexplained hemolysis, neurological symptoms (incoordination, tremors, stiffness contracture ), psychosis, peripheral cornea appear brown or green ring.
4, intrahepatic cholestasis of acute copper poisoning is another performance, this is due to the occurrence of copper over the central necrosis due to hepatic lobule.
5, the performance of copper poisoning is another toxicological damage and anemia caused by hemolysis of red blood cells, usually of copper into the body, mainly accumulated in the liver, the liver once the level of treatment than when copper is released into the blood, excess Cu2 + and -SH binding to the plot set in a large number of red blood cells, causing oxidative inactivation of enzyme systems, damage to red blood cells, increase cell membrane permeability, stability and to the destruction of their cytoplasm and organelles easily damaged, denatured hemoglobin increased; the other hand , copper and hemoglobin to form Heinz bodies, the intracellular glucose 6 – phosphorus acid dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase inactivation, reduced glutathione, resulting in increased auto-oxidation of hemoglobin, modified hemoglobin poured into the blood, eventually leading to hemolysis and anemia.
6, exposure to copper dust and allergens can cause skin lesions, local skin redness, swelling, ulcers.
treatment
1, restricted the copper diet, such as peas, beans corn nuts chocolate shells and snails honey mushrooms, liver and blood of animals eating high-protein amino acids can promote urinary copper excretion
2, available at the time of oral copper thio sulfur poisoning sodium gastric lavage and give milk to protect the gastric mucosa of oral egg, or the 0.3 ~ 1.0 Kea potassium ferricyanide dissolved in a glass water, after the Beverage. Beverage amount of soapy water can also be sodium carbonate solution or Oral potassium sulphide to reduce copper absorption.
3, the antidote to promote copper excretion: such as EDTA, penicillamine, dimercapto-propanol, triethyl tetramine, potassium sulphide, and cation exchange resin, medicine Semi-sulfur balls.

  

  

  

  

  

  

peach – fruit ranks highest in iron content

2011 Weifang text are participate in such counseling are easily pass doctors!
early hands-on, early preparation, physician counseling to participate in the text are to spend the same amount of time, you will get more gain!
Pok flexible learning, course set up: weekend classes ( all day Saturday and Sunday), daytime classes, evening classes, job Pok learning correct, pick-up classes Pok arrangement will not fall to members of a class Pok.
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Online QQ: 107959407
respiratory diseases
respiratory diseases can be divided into the following sections:
pneumonia

lung abscess infectious diseases inspection methods: X-ray
tuberculosis
r bronchiectasis
COPDr pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary function abnormalities
disease screening method : asthma, lung function

respiratory failure with acute respiratory failure
inspection methods: blood gas analysis
chronic respiratory failure
lung CT, bronchoscopy
other pulmonary embolism pulmonary ventilation / perfusion Scanning
chest diseases
chapter, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive disease (COPD) is a kind of lung disease characterized by airflow limitation, is not fully reversible airflow limitation, was the sexual development .
one, etiology and pathogenesis
(a) cause smoking, occupational dust and chemical bund material, air pollution, infections.
(B) the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis complicated by lung swollen, the early lesions confined to small airway closure only the volume increases, reflecting the elasticity of lung tissue resistance and airway resistance, dynamic lung compliance decreased.
Second, the clinical manifestations
(a) since the symptoms
disease is slow, a longer duration, mainly manifested as chronic cough, sputum, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (signs of symptoms), wheezing and chest tightness.
(B) signs
1. visual examination and palpation: barrel chest ; tactile fremitus diminished.
2. percussion: too voiceless lungs, heart dullness reduced lung and liver dullness lower bound down.
3. auscultation: decreased breath sounds in both lungs, breath longer, some patients Hello audible tone and dry (or) moist rales.
Third, laboratory and special examinations
(a) the detection of pulmonary function tests
indicators
significance
FEV1/FVC
reduce d, when FEV1/FVC <70% of airflow limitation, as a sensitive indicator of airflow limitation
FEV1% predicted
reduce d, when FEV1 <80% expected value of airflow limitation is evaluation of COPD severity indicator
vital capacity (VC)
reduce d
RV / TLC
RV / TLCu, when the RV / TLC> 40% diagnosed with emphysema
total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC) residual volume (RV)
increased u (TLC increased level of increase is less than great RV)
(two) ABG
mild to moderate hypoxemia, early COPD without hypercapnia; progress of the disease, hypoxemia increased, the occurrence of hypercapnia. FEV1 less than 1L, the hypercapnia increases.
four complications: chronic respiratory failure, spontaneous pneumothorax, chronic pulmonary heart disease.
five treatment
(a) health education.
(b) bronchodilator drug
1.b2 adrenergic receptor agonists: a major salbutamol aerosol. terbutaline aerosols have the same effect.
2. anticholinergic drugs: COPD is common preparations, mainly aerosol ipratropium bromide, salbutamol slower than onset.
3 Theophylline: Theophylline sustained release or controlled-release tablets.
4. Additionally, there are salmeterol, formoterol and other long-acting b-adrenergic receptor agonist.
(c) expectorant drug ambroxol.
Weifang text are Section I, secondary pulmonary hypertension
underlying diseases, including obstructive airway disease (COPD most common), substantial lung disease, pulmonary vascular disease (pulmonary embolism the most common), and neuromuscular diseases.
second section,
primary pulmonary hypertension of unknown etiology; mainly caused by cluster pulmonary disease, that is, from the middle arterial hypertrophy, or eccentric to the heart of intimal hyperplasia, and plexiform damage and necrotizing arteritis.
a , Pok
epidemic can occur at any age, more common in women of childbearing age, the average age was 36 years old illness.
Second, the etiology and pathogenesis
genetic, immune, pulmonary endothelial dysfunction (TXA2u , ET-1u, NOd), vascular smooth muscle cell potassium channels such as lack of Hom.
Third, the clinical manifestations
(a) symptoms
breathing difficulties (mostly first), chest pain, dizziness or syncope, hemoptysis (often less, even with massive hemoptysis can be fatal) .10% of patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon, Ortner syndrome (recurrent laryngeal nerve caused by increased pulmonary artery pressure hoarse voice).
(B) signs
PPH signs were associated with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular load increased.
four, laboratory and other tests
radionuclide lung ventilation / perfusion scan (exclude chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension of the important means. PPH patients can diffuse thinning or normal), right heart catheterization (accurate determination of pulmonary blood flow to power the only way to curb the state. PPH’s diagnostic criteria for hemodynamic Pok resting PAPm> 20mmHg, or sports PAPm> 30mmHg, PAWP normal), while other such as blood tests, ECG, CXR, ABG, B ultrasound, lung biopsy.
five treatment
(a) drug treatment
1. vasodilator drugs
(1) calcium antagonists: only about 20% of PPH patients effective dose is usually larger.
(2) prostacyclin: prostacyclin on arterial and venous vasodilatation with a strong and inhibition of platelet aggregation, can improve exercise capacity and hemodynamic bund state, but prostacyclin very short half-life, must be continuous intravenous infusion, clinical application is very limited, and common adverse reactions;
(3 ) nitric oxide (N0) inhalation.
2. anticoagulant: preferred warfarin.
(b) of the lung or heart-lung transplantation.
III, pulmonary heart disease
one cause
bronchial, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
to pulmonary disease (COPD) is most common, accounting for 80% ~ 90%
thoracic movement disorders
severe spinal kyphosis, scoliosis , spinal tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and neuromuscular disorders such as pulmonary vascular disease, polio

chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arteritis
other
comprehensive sleep apnea sign
two, pathogenesis and pathology
cause right ventricular enlargement, hypertrophy of many factors, but the prerequisite is irreversible lung function and structure changes, pulmonary vascular remodeling, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. pulmonary hypertension The formation mechanism:
functional factors
hypoxia, hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis to pulmonary vasoconstriction, convulsion, in which hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is the most important factor
anatomy Pok Long-term recurrent factors
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial inflammation around the neighborhood can affect the pulmonary arteries, causing vascular inflammation, wall thickening, stenosis or fibrosis, or even completely occluded, the lung vascular resistance increases, resulting in pulmonary hypertension
increased with emphysema, the alveolar pressure, pulmonary capillary pressure, resulting in stenosis or occlusion of the capillary wall
alveolar capillary network caused by the rupture damage, impairment of alveolar capillary bed more than 70% increase in pulmonary vascular resistance
pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxia to pulmonary vasoconstriction, increased wall tension of the wall can directly stimulate proliferation.
increased blood volume and increased blood viscosity
mm
Note: The functional anatomy of Pok factors are more important than in the acute exacerbation after treatment, hypoxia and hypercapnia has been corrected, can significantly reduce pulmonary artery pressure, Some patients even recover to the normal range.
III clinical
(a) lung, heart decompensation
1. symptoms: cough, sputum, shortness of breath, after the event may have heart palpitations, breathing difficulties, fatigue and decreased endurance of labor acute infection may aggravate the symptoms. little chest pain or hemoptysis;
2. signs: P2> A2, tricuspid systolic murmur or district may be the heart beat increase xiphoid, suggestive of right ventricular hypertrophy. may have jugular vein filling.
(b) lung, heart decompensation
1. respiratory failure
(1) symptoms: increased dyspnea, even at night, often headache, insomnia, loss of appetite, but daytime sleepiness, or even indifferent, trance, delirium and other manifestations of pulmonary encephalopathy;
(2) signs: obvious cyanosis, cones conjunctival hyperemia, edema, may have serious retinal blood vessels to dilate, papilledema and other manifestations of increased intracranial pressure. tendon reflexes diminished or disappeared, there pathological reflex. hypercapnia may be due to peripheral vasodilation performance, such as skin flushing, sweating
2. right heart failure
(1) symptoms: shortness of breath is more obvious, palpitations, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, nausea, etc.;
(2) signs: cyanosis is more obvious, jugular vein engorgement, increased heart rate fast, arrhythmia, and xiphoid systolic murmur could be heard, and even diastolic murmur. hepatomegaly and tenderness, and positive signs of hepatic venous neck, lower extremity edema, and might have ascites may be a small number of patients with pulmonary edema and heart failure signs.
four, laboratory and other tests
(a) X-ray examination in addition to lung, breast diseases and the basis of the characteristics of acute lung infection, but can still have symptoms of pulmonary hypertension, such as lower right pulmonary artery in the expansion, its diameter g15mm; its diameter and tracheal diameter ratio g1.07; pulmonary artery segment was prominent or highly g3mm; central arteries, peripheral vascular slim, form a sign; the right ventricle;
(b) of the main manifestations of ECG changes in right ventricular hypertrophy, such as right axis deviation, the average amount of surface axis g +90. severe clockwise translocation, RVl + SV5g1.05mV lung-type P-wave. can also be found right bundle branch block and low-voltage graphics, can be used as a reference diagnosis of chronic pulmonary heart disease conditions in the V1, V2 and even extended to V3, may be exactly like the old graphics QS wave myocardial infarction, should be noted that identification.
five differential diagnosis
with coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart valve disease, primary myocardial disease identification.
six
treatment of acute exacerbation of active infection control, unobstructed airway, improve respiratory function; to correct hypoxia and hypercapnia; control breathing and heart failure (generally in the control infection, improve breathing after the correction and if valid, the choice of inotropic drugs, diuretics, vasodilators); positive management of complications.
seven complications
pulmonary encephalopathy, acid-base balance and electrolyte disorders, cardiac arrhythmia (atrial premature and more performance for supraventricular tachycardia, in which the disorder most atrial tachycardia characteristic), shock, gastrointestinal bleeding, DIC, etc..
[training] really Zhenti
[Example 1] pulmonary hypertension pulmonary heart disease in a number of factors can be significantly reduced after treatment of pulmonary arterial pressure is
A. vasculitis
B. chronic bronchitis due to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
C.
D. emphysema pulmonary capillary pressure due to chronic hypoxia pulmonary vascular remodeling
E. alveolar wall rupture due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance [Example 2]
treatment of primary pulmonary heart failure measures
A. bed rest, low-salt diet
B. Use a small dose of tonic
C. the role of ease of use of low-dose diuretics
D. Application of vasodilators to reduce cardiac stress
E. positive control infection and improve respiratory function
[Example 3] male, 65 years old, repeated coughing , sputum 20 years, 1 week ago after cold chills, fever, cough, purulent sputum, shortness of breath Physical examination: body temperature 37.5 ℃, shortness of breath, decreased lung breath sounds, there are more moist rales, lower extremity edema. the most The main treatment is to control lung infection
A.
B. give antispasmodic antiasthmatic drug
C. to give cough expectorants
D. sustained low concentrations of oxygen
E . diuretics swelling
[reference to the answer]
1.B; 2.E; 3.A
Weifang text are 107959407 0536-6105260
Chapter III, bronchial asthma
one, its essence is the concept of
eosinophils, mast cells and T lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells involved in chronic airway inflammation. This inflammation so susceptible to stimulate a variety of factors have airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway stenosis caused clinical manifestations of recurrent episodes of wheezing, expiratory dyspnea, chest tightness or cough, often at night and (or) early in the morning attack, intensified, there are often reversible airflow limitation varied widely, most patients can be treated on their own ease or relieve.
Second, the etiology and pathogenesis
(a) genetic factors and environmental causes.
(B) the pathogenesis
1. allergy.
2. airway inflammation: asthma, chronic airway inflammation is essential.
3. airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).
4. neural mechanisms : bronchial asthma and b-adrenergic receptor dysfunction and vagal hypertonia related and may have a-adrenergic responsiveness increases.
Third, the clinical manifestations
(a) symptoms
onset of sexual partners have wheeze or expiratory dyspnea episodes of chest tightness, cough, severe seat or sitting may have forced breathing, cyanosis, dry cough, sputum, or a large number of white foam. cough, cough variant asthma only , and exercise-induced asthma occurs when movement is manifested as chest tightness and difficulty breathing. The onset of symptoms within a few minutes, continuing for several hours to several days, with bronchodilators or relieve itself, good at night and early morning attack.
(B) signs
attack filled lungs wheeze, expiratory phase is particularly evident, and there are signs of emphysema with mild to severe asthma or severe asthma, it can not wheeze, called Silent chest with severe asthma may have increased heart rate, odd pulse, cyanosis.
four, laboratory and other tests
(a) chest X-ray examination: typical performance increase for the lungs through the brightness, was over-inflated signs.
(b) indicators of respiratory function tests
check
significance
pulmonary function testing
FEV1% predicted d, FEV1/FVC% d, maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) d , peak expiratory flow (PEF) d.
bronchial provocation test
decline in FEV1 after inhalation of acetylcholine g20%;
provocation tests reflect airway hyperresponsiveness;
challenge test only for FEV1 , in the normal predicted value of 70% of patients

bronchodilator FEV1 or PEF after inhalation of salbutamol increased g15%, and its absolute value increases> 200ml as positive; dilation test to reflect whether the airway obstruction reversible
peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the mutation rate
onset peak expiratory flow (PEF) d; if diurnal PEF variation rate of g20% of reversible airway airflow limitation
(c) blood gas Analysis of blood gas analysis

disease
acute attack
PaO2d, PaCO2d, pH value of u, expressed as respiratory alkalosis
severe asthma
PaO2d, PaCO2u, pH values ​​of d, the performance of respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis combined
five, diagnosis and differential diagnosis
(a) diagnosis is based on
acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma severity assessment of clinical features

mild to moderate

critical
severe shortness of breath

walk upstairs
activities
take a break
m
position
can supine
like sitting
orthopnea
m
way
continuous speech into words
often interrupt
word
mental state can not speak

may have anxiety / Shang Anjing
anxiety or trouble when
often anxiety or trouble Zao Zao
drowsiness, confusion and sweating

there is no sweating
m

slightly increased respiratory rate increased

often> 30 beats / min m accessory muscle activity and three depressions
often without
may have
often
contradictions
chest wheeze
scattered, late
loud breathing, diffuse
loud, even without
dispersion
reduced pulse rate
<100 beats / min 100 ~ 120 times / min> 120 beats / min> 120 beats / min or slow or irregular
odd pulse (systolic blood pressure drop)
no (100mmHg)
may have (10 ~ 25mmHg)
often (> 25mmHg)
use of b2 agonists without
after PEF percentage of predicted value or alter-ego, the highest value%
> 70%
50% ~ 70%
< ; 60% or <100L/min or reaction time <2 hours
m
PaO2 (suck air%)
normal
60 ~ 80mmHg
<60mmHg
m
PaCO2
<40mmHg
l45mmHg
> 45mmHg
m
SaO2 (suck air%)
> 95%
90% ~ 95%
<90%
m
pH
m
m
m
reduce
(b) the differential diagnosis and identification of cardiac asthma.
aminophylline
both can be used for bronchial asthma and cardiac asthma
adrenaline
only for bronchial asthma, cardiac asthma
disabled in morphine
only for cardiac asthma, bronchial asthma is disabled in
6, treatment and education management
(a) treatment
1. allergens from the most effective.
2. antiasthmatic drugs on behalf of drug treatment
and characteristics of drug

mechanism
asthma drugs
b-adrenergic receptor agonist
salbutamol, terbutaline;
b receptor agonist to control the drug of choice for asthma adenosine cyclase activation
r ring phosphorus intracellular adenosine (cAMP) levels of free Ca2 + dr ur bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
major adverse theophylline
response to inhibition of cardiovascular responses
① phosphorus acid esterase r smooth muscle intracellular cAMP concentration u
② adenosine receptor antagonist
③ stimulate the adrenal secretion of epinephrine
④ increase airway ciliary clearance and anti-inflammatory effects
anticholinergic drug ipratropium bromide

postganglionic vagal blocking access, reducing the excitability of the vagus nerve

glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory drugs is currently controlling asthma
attack the most effective drug
① inhibit inflammatory cell migration and activation
② inhibiting cytokine production
③ inhibiting release of inflammatory mediators
④ b2 receptors in smooth muscle cells to enhance reactivity
LT modifiers
zafirlukast
① regulate the biological activity of LT to play anti-inflammatory effects of bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
②

cromolyn sodium for the prevention of asthma attacks
stabilize mast cell membrane
3. the treatment of acute attack: as to relieve airway obstruction, to correct hypoxemia and restore lung function, prevent further deterioration or recurrence, prevent complications.
(1) Mild: intermittent inhaled salbutamol or terbutaline 200 ~ 400mg short-acting b2-agonist, can not control long-acting b2-agonist plus service procaterol or salmeterol or bambuterol. regular daily inhaled Glucocorticoid 200 ~ 600mg or plus ipratropium bromide inhalation aerosol, or combined with ipratropium bromide aerosol.
(2) moderate: Rules or oral inhaled b2 agonist long-acting b2-agonist. aminophylline was added 0.25g in 40ml 10% glucose intravenously slowly, if still can not control, the addition of ipratropium bromide inhalation aerosol leukotriene antagonists or additional services, while increasing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids (> 600mg / d) or oral prednisone 60mg / d.
Weifang text are
(3) severe to risk patients:
① corticosteroids: is the treatment of severe asthma forceful measures. general use hydrocortisone succinate, daily 300 ~ 600mg, graded intravenous infusion. or methylprednisolone daily 120 ~ 240mg, graded intravenous infusion.
② asthma medication: severe asthma, poor efficacy of inhaled and oral medications, asthma medications should be intravenous infusion. aminophylline 0.25 used ~ 0.5g added to the 250 ~ 500ml glucose solution intravenously, twice daily. can also be added with terbutaline 0.25mg in 100ml normal saline slowly intravenously every 8 hours.
③ oxygen therapy severe asthma should normally be inhaled through the nasal cannula flow rate 2 ~ 3L/min oxygen to correct hypoxemia, the PaO2> 60mmHg (8kPa). generally oxygen therapy may be considered invalid mask ventilation.
4 Non acute onset of treatment: to prevent another acute attack of asthma.
(1) intermittent to mild: on-demand inhaled or oral b2 agonists, or low-dose oral theophylline. but also the quantitative inhalation of small doses of sugar corticosteroids (l200mg / d).
(2) Moderate: inhaled b2-agonist on demand, ineffective use of oral controlled-release tablets b2 agonists, oral administration of small doses of controlled-release theophylline, plus oral leukotriene receptor antagonist, added with anti-cholinergic drugs, quantitative daily inhaled corticosteroids 200 ~ 600mg / d.
(3) severe: Rules inhaled b2-agonist or oral b2 agonists or theophylline controlled-release tablets, or b2-agonist plus oral leukotriene antagonist, daily inhaled corticosteroids> 600mg / d. If the symptoms are not alleviated, the rules require oral corticosteroids, as far as possible in l10mg / d.
5. long-term management: ① patients and health care partnerships; ② regular peak flow (PEF) monitoring instrument to objectively assess the degree of asthma attacks; ③ promote avoidance and control (induced) made factors; ④ develop long-term treatment plan; ⑤ Regular long-term with the Fang Baojian.
6. Successful asthma management goals: ① to control or eliminate the symptoms; ② prevention and control asthma attacks, so to achieve the minimum number of hospital; ③ the lung function as close to normal levels; ④ ensure that patients can participate in normal activities; ⑤ b2-agonist consumption at least, can not even control the disease; ⑥ any side effects to a minimum (or no); ⑦ prevention become irreversible airway obstruction; ⑧ prevent sudden death in patients.

Gardenia: alias Gardaniajas minoides Ellis, Gardenia, white toad, is the Rubiaceae Gardenia fruit. Currently, the gardenia fruit is a traditional Chinese medicine, is the Ministry of Health issued the first batch of medicine l edible resources, with liver, gallbladder, blood pressure, sedation, bleeding, swelling and other effects, in clinical medicine used to treat jaundice hepatitis, contusion, hypertension, diabetes embolism.

an alias:

Dan Wood, fresh branches, goblet son, Zhi Zi, the more peach, mountain gardenia, branches, small goblet son, yellow chicken sub, yellow weed son, Gardaniajas minoides Ellis, Huang Zhi, Shan Huang Zhi, Gardenia sweep through: Heart Sutra; liver; lung; stomach; triple burner

Two, effectiveness of classification :

Qingreliangxue drug

three, effect:

Xiehuo Chufan; heat and dampness; cooling blood detoxification

four indications:

Fever upset; anger, red eyes; headache; hot and humid yellow rickets; shower card; Campylobacter hematuria; mouth sores; sore swollen poison; sprain swelling

five clinical role:

1 treatment of acute jaundice hepatitis: Take gardenia made of 10% and 50% two decoction three times a day after meals.

(2) treatment of contusion: the Shanzhizi mashed, research into a very pink, with warm water into a paste, add a little alcohol, including dressing the wound.

3 is used to stop bleeding: Take Gardaniajas minoides Ellis powder 100g, 20% that glue into a paste, dried crushed into fine powder, No. 100, plus the amount of benzoic acid, high-pressure sterilized. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in general each serving 3-6g, 3 times a day. Can also be used as a topical hemostatic agent.

six Dosage:

1 Oral: Jiantang ,5-10g; or into pills, powder.

(2) external: amount, and research is not mixed or transfer apply.

seven drug contraindications :

Spleen loose stools Jifu.

1 hematemesis Nvxue, non-sun hot mover bogey.

2: Evil in the table, Xuhuoshangsheng, both disabled.

eight, with a party :

1 rule typhoid fever sweating, vomiting, next, the imaginary trouble can not sleep, heart Oh NONG: Gardenia fourteen (profile), fragrant soy Tetraena (cotton wrap). Ignorant of the two, four liters of water, boiled gardenia was two liters and a half, sodium soy sauce, Zhuqu a liter and a half, to the dregs, is divided into two. Into a warm, after serving only those who have spit. (

(2) treatment of typhoid illness recover from illness after recovery workers who: citrus aurantium three (Sunburn), Gardenia fourteen (profile), soy a liter (cotton wrap). On the shamisen, to clear Whey seven liters, empty Zhuqu four liters. Of citrus aurantium, gardenia, Zhuqu two liters, the next soy, but also cook five or six boiling, to the dregs, and then serve warm points, covered so slightly like sweat. If Sushi who, within the large Huang Rubo Acer sub-five, six. (

3 governing body of yellow fever, typhoid fever: fat Gardenia fifteen (profile), licorice a two (Sunburn), Cork two liang. On the shamisen, four liters of water, Zhuqu a liter gardenia and a half, to the dregs, sub-warm and then serve. (

[Switch] people home, I hope you healthy.
childhood often heard old people talk about remedies mad doctors, so a variety of remedies for the spread in the community quite a good impression. away on business a long time before the period of the diet is not always the law of the stomach uncomfortable, pulls out my recipe is not exclusive post it we can learn from.
: 1, drugs used in the book, with food-based, absolutely non-toxic.
2, to enable readers to understand, both the old system of dosage units such as: pounds, two, money, etc., some with bowls, is the general medium bowl.
3, where the use of drugs is generally marked with a * to buy in pharmacies, drug stores have * that (pharmacies available).
4, the book talking about vinegar is usually vinegar, white vinegar if the book otherwise indicated.
5, the book talking about wine, is more than 50 degrees of liquor.
6, some diseases during treatment need taboos, such as during the treatment is not diet, it will affect treatment.
7, a total of three books, the back cover of each book are accompanied by disease prevention and health knowledge, The book is, I spent nearly ten years, read a lot of health care knowledge and books, has long been popular with the ancient folk tradition of sorting out the valuable information secret and it brings together many ancient and modern name of party, recipe, secret operation, not only convenient for the people, than the preparation of each family treasure book, and, for some medical professionals in Western terms, but also a good reference.
directory:
civil practical earth (on the book)
one, two internal medicine, pediatrics
folk practical earth (in volume)
three surgical
four
five dermatology, gynecology, male subjects
private utility earthworks ( the next volume)
six, ENT
seven, beauty
eight grams of food not to eat within two hours, (Abstract of the health-related books)
*** with: disease prevention and health knowledge reported (a)
*** with: disease prevention and health knowledge reported (II)
*** with: disease prevention and health knowledge (c)
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one medical 1, since the beginning of a cold: light blue (with whiskers), ginger piece 5 money, water, bowl of fried open, add a dose of red hot, said Tong (ginger without dose), and immediately to sleep, sweating Jiyu.
2, multi-day cold: Use the same first day, in addition to at night before going to sleep, with garlic mash, apply two Zuxin (Yongquan, every way of the sole can be deposited large bean ), cloth, thrown off the next morning, once every 2-3 days Jiyu.
3, headache (all kinds of headaches can be): raw white radish juice, two drops for each drop of the nose (nostrils are two drops of ), twice a day, once every 4-5 days and can dig up the roots. Jichi pepper, pepper.
4, dizziness (lightheadedness, dizziness): a duck, bean 20, steamed, stir , the morning flight, one day this day for 7 days with special effects. avoid drink, spicy.
5, insomnia, dreams: before going to bed with a half-basin of hot water, plus twelve feet soaked in vinegar 20 minutes, and light blue 1-2 raw root.
6, dry cough (cold or other causes may be): Health and black sesame seeds 3 money (about a spoon), crystal sugar, were broken open water the morning flight, 3 days recovery, eat fish.
7, cough with sputum (including acute bronchitis, bronchitis, children, bronchitis): white radish twenty-two, pear, twenty-two, a bowl of water with chopped add appropriate amount of crystal sugar cooked food, the second day once every 3 days. phlegm. with Article IX with use.
8, old bronchitis (chronic bronchitis): take the cream to fight the winter gourd vine ( pharmacy sale) one or two, licorice * a money, water, a bowl of decoction one dose, the second day, once a half months to 20 days to cure. Avoid alcohol, spicy things, preferably with the use of Article IX .
9, chronic cough (cough caused by bronchitis and emphysema): alum one or two, research into the powder into a paste with vinegar, soy freshman group to take every night before bed deposited Zuxin (Chung spring hole, two feet are deposited), cloth, thrown off the next morning, for 7 days with special effects.
10, asthma (children with asthma): dried earthworms (pharmacy sale) half a catty, fried research into a powder, with sugar water, blunt, a 2 money (about half a spoon powder) the second day, served Jiyu. Avoid spicy food thing.
11, stomach pain, spit acid, ptosis of the stomach, gastric inflammation: a garlic first one or two charred skin, plus a bowl of water to a boil, add the amount of sugar eaten fasting, the second day, 7 days to cure.
12, stomach ulcer 12 fat: 30 egg shell Chaojiao research into powder, wheat flour, half a catty Chaojiao, even with the shaking, morning and evening meals available. boiled water, a 2 money (about half spoon), the second day, a pair of drug may be more general, ill take two to pay
13, hypertension, high cholesterol: celery seed (pharmacy sale) one or two, wrapped with gauze, put 10 pounds of water decoction, early, middle and late drinking a cup. not afraid of spicy, could, early in the Late eating raw garlic 2, have lower blood pressure, blood lipid effects.
14, heart disease, coronary heart disease: first one or two of peanut shells, green beans 5 money, a bowl of soup dose, the second, take a half months.
15, gastroenteritis, diarrhea: each with two Chaojiao wheat flour and a half, plus the amount of sugar and mix thoroughly with water, before meals, clothing, the second day, 2-3 days of special effects. Jichi persimmon, banana, greasy.
16, dyspepsia (indigestion with children): 4 two fried chicken skin nap research into a powder, sugar water before meals with a blunt, second day, a 2 money (about half a spoon), children half, one can be served, Jichi snail.
17, chest tightness, flatulence: white radish seeds (pharmacy sale) 5 money, a bowl of soup served three times a day, 3 days along with consumer product gas effect.
18, nerve Decline: Porcine 1 two, add a spoon of honey, steamed food, once daily, ate 5-10 days.
19, anemia: chickens, ducks, it will be fresh blood flow in a clean, white paper, dried bunched up into powder, with wine, transfer service, a half-spoon flour, the second day, and even served a half months. avoid kelp.
20, heat dry mouth: reed rhizome (pharmacy available), green beans all 5 money, plus a bowl of water to boil, add rock sugar to reed rhizome eat bean soup, served on the second, even for 3 days. fluid lungs, down as antipyretic.
21 chronic hepatitis: time with Rhizoma Imperatae (pharmacy sale) twenty-two, burning bowl of water serving soup, three times a day, which normally takes a half serving, avoid spicy things.
22, gall bladder, kidney, urinary tract stones: with Gallus gallus domesticus, corn 50 grams, a bowl of soup a dose, 2-3 times a day, even for 10 days. Jichi liver, fat, egg yolk 23, acute and chronic renal inflammation: about 4 double blackfish one, to the scales, intestine, green tea 2 money, including wire strapped into the maw of use, plus a bowl of Shuizhu Shu, fish soup, day one, ate 10-15 days. Jijiu, salt, bananas, and sexual intercourse.
24, cholecystitis: melon seeds, mung beans all five money a bowl of soup, first dose. three times a day, once on the 10th.
25, Diabetes: a pig pancreas, melon Paper 1 two, plus Shuizhu Shu, less add some oil, salt and spices (do not add wine, sugar) eat, day one, ate 20 days.
26, poor memory: a goose, playing increase the amount of sugar, stir into the bowl, steamed morning flight, ate five days, there are clear educational function of the brain, there are effects on memory enhancement, avoid eating seaweed, pepper, animal blood, wine, green beans.
27, difficulty in urination: 1 two willow leaves, a bowl of soup a dose, the second 2-3 days in urine can pass unimpeded.
28, urinary incontinence (urgency, unable to control): chicken a pair of intestine, washed and dried, fried yellow research into powder, with wine delivery service, every time money, three times a day, served Jiyu bogey ginger, spicy.
29, urinary frequency (urinating more): Health leek seeds (pharmacy sale) 3 two, and research into a powder, each 2 money with warm water, the second day, which normally takes 2-10 days served. Avoid tea, milk.
30, constipation (stool dry end, bowel problems): a bowl with the cooked pumpkin, add lard 5 money and the amount of salt eaten, once daily, once effective, 3 days can be more. 31, dysentery, diarrhea: each with two of garlic, skin and cook a bowl of water, fire burned within the air serving soup, the second day, 3 days to anti-inflammatory detoxification, treatment Jiuxie unhealed particularly effective.
32, snoring: 5-10 tablets pepper , a glass of water before going to bed with open blisters until after a dose of cold water (under the pepper satisfied), even for 5 days will no snoring.
33, hiccup: a small bar with a fingernail, light smell, basis.
34, motion sickness: When traveling with the mouth cut a piece of ginger, or a patch to the navel (this provision pregnant women, disabled), to teach for severe motion sickness can be used with the two parties, with special effects.
35, stroke: 1 drink per day only two raw celery juice, mild disease who served a half months, the more seriously ill person can be served in January, Jichi lamb, duck.
36, neuropathy (also known as epilepsy, sheep, epilepsy, madness disease, Fox Tai Sin): dried peach of (pharmacy sale) 3 2, a knife cut into fine, divided into ten parts, each one, with a light at the onset of alum water delivery service, two , 5 Tianyi treatment, once every 3 courses.
37, Hyperthyroidism: Dioscorea bulbifera (pharmacy sale) 9-12 grams, with three bowls of water to cook into a bowl, once a day; another bubble 1 can 50 g pounds of white wine, served a two ,5-8 weeks significantly reduced metabolic rate.
38, chronic enteritis: 1 egg, white wine and a half two, mixed, every night before bedtime.
two pediatric
39, cold children (including infants): ginger 5 money, half a bowl of boiled water, add brown sugar to open dose, the second day, 2 days more.
40, pertussis (and baby asthma): garlic one, peeled and smashed add sugar 3 money, half an hour with water after twelve red, two days to cure cough, wheezing infants and young children, with special effects.
41, children with enuresis: Health and light blue one, smashed, every before sleep deposited navel, cloth, thrown off the next morning, once every 3-5 days, cured.
42, Yeti: adults put in the mouth with a handful of chewed green tea every night before going to bed deposited pediatric navel, cloth, thrown off the next morning, once every three days.
43, infant diarrhea, abdominal distension: a garlic, charred skin, then with half a bowl of water to a boil, add the amount of sugar serving soup, once daily, usually two or three days to digestion diarrhea. 44, and sweating (night sweats with adult): Lao Doufu half a catty, cut paste pot firing bar, plus a bowl of water, the amount of sugar, spoil the broth with bar with food, every night before bedtime, 3 days recovery.
45, playing roundworm: raw pumpkin seeds 20, peeled flight before meals, one eating the next day with stool worms can be
46, the door often anus itch: wound wet paste a solution, paste anus every night before going to sleep on the door, thrown off the next morning, once every three days.
47, Anorexia (do not think of a meal): Hawthorn (pharmacy sale) 3 money, chicken skin a nap money, plus bowl Shui Zhushu before meals eaten, the second day, ate three days, there are appetizers, digestive effect.
48, abdominal pain (abdominal pain adult the same): deposited with an orange peel in the navel. and then half a catty sizzling salt (not too hot), deposited in the orange peel, the pain immediately.
49, eating junk: leek half a catty, do not chopped, fry some more lard, once eaten, debris can be discharged with the stool.
50, molar: a raw orange peel to eat before going to bed every night, ate 2-3 days, can cure children and adults sleep molars.
51, drooling (adults, elderly people with sleep drool method): Loach half a catty, gutted roasted research into powder, with the rice wine blunt, a second money, once daily, can be served .
52, calcium deficiency in children: 5 shrimp each time with money, seaweed and a two, along with soup, salt, edible oil, once daily once a half months.
53, mumps: 1:1 vinegar and ink with a good, with a brush dipped in this, applied to skin, 5-6 times a day, usually twenty-three days cheeks swollen from the consumer.
54, intestinal gas: ginger 5 money, give children a bath, until the whole body sweating, with ginger rub the affected area, the second day, once every three or four days, no recurrence after 55, the examination room sedative prescription: Pok Health testing halls immersive battlefield, often due to excessive tension, so that their produce palpitation, the phenomenon of stage fright, and thus can not function properly and fallen off. now introduce a unilateral: Semen (pharmacy sale), the one or two green beans, cook a bowl of soup once finished, the second day, to test power of served two days before the trial began, to end of the examination, there is sedative effect.
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three surgical
56, arthritis, frozen shoulder (including rheumatic, rheumatoid arthritis): consumption of fine salt 1 kg, put the pan sizzling, add onions to be, ginger 3 money, together with a cloth, wrap the affected area while hot to the cold salt; once daily, once a week, have the effect of dampness Herd.
57, injured workers, low back pain: the leaves (pharmacy sale) one or two, fried yellow crab one or two, dip a pound of white wine, wine coated waist three days later, day 2– 3 ,7-10 days to cure back pain for years.
58, renal deficiency, low back pain: silk seeds half a catty, fried yellow research into powder. liquor delivery service, every time money, the second, served Jiyu. This side can also cure postpartum low back pain.
59, sciatica: eat a pound of fine salt, sizzling Hou Jiayi leaves (pharmacy sale) one or two, wrap the affected area with a cloth to cool the salt, once daily , once every 5-10 days (salt can be repeated every day use).
60, cervical pain: sheep bones (raw, cooked may be) twenty-two, smashed fried yellow, dip white wine 1 kg, three days later rub the neck, three times a day, but generally 15 days, you can cure.
61, bone spurs (hyperostosis): a dog bone two or three, smashed fried yellow dip wine 1 kg, three days after the affected area with rubbing alcohol (preferably This cup of wine with food), three times a day, required a half months can be more.
62, leg cramps: mulberry fruit (pharmacy sale) one or two, a bowl of soup a drink, the second day, 5 days of recovery.
63, numbness of the limbs: the old loofah bars (pharmacy sale) one or two, a bowl of soup a dose, the second, and even served a week, with special effects.
64, in , outside the hemorrhoids: a large snail every day, remove the cover. * 1 money into borneol, 5 minutes after taking the water snail painted anus door, 2 times a day, 7 days recovery, avoid drink, spicy thing.
65, an injection agglomeration: the potatoes cut into half-centimeter thick slices and wrap the affected area, then hot towel cover, the second day, a 20-minute 2-3 days lumps dissipate.
66 body odor: pepper, pepper, 50, and research into a powder, then add borneol * 2 money, alcohol and mix thoroughly with the day to take a small group of coating the affected area and use tape and paste it, for one day, once a half months to Eradication.
67, crooked eye and mouth (facial nerve palsy): eel blood painted face, painted on the left left crooked, and repeated from left to right with the palm of your hand wipe, every 2 minutes, the second day, the right distortion is Anti-doing, which is used in conjunction thirty-four days.
68, off the anus (bowel movement when the door off the anus): each with leek half a catty, 2 pounds of boiled water, wash the anus to open the door, the second day, washed three days.
69, stiff neck (as pillows or sleeping posture discomfort caused by neck pain): leek juice heated neck rub, rub on seven or eight times .2-3 days to cure.
70, smoking cessation: dry pumpkin vine (pharmacy sale) a couple of fried Tonga amount of brown sugar a serving bowl, three times a day, 7 days and never want to smoke.
71, and alcohol: a live eel, put a bottle of white wine Two days later the wine within the Baptist, 1 1-2 2, three times a day, will never want to drink wine service after a drop of wine.
72, alcohol is not drunk: Kudzu (pharmacy sale) 1 money, the drink before drinking a cup of boiling water and then drink, alcohol can be the solution, so people will not drunk.
73, scabies (old rotten feet): sizzling tofu, wrap the affected area with cloth, for a day , cure bad feet eventually becoming shut.
74, lymphatic system: snail shells fried yellow research into powder, sesame oil and mix thoroughly wrap the affected area for a day, once every 7-10 days.
75, longevity health wine: magnet, Polygonum (pharmacy sale), jujube, walnut, medlar (pharmacy sale) of one or two, dip liquor or wine jin, two days later by regular wine drinker to eat this, such as the consumption of a variety to make the elderly ruddy face, enhance the anti- disease force a delay aging effect.
four dermatology
76, pruritus: fresh chives, Taomi Shui, with a good weight by 1:10, first soak two hours and then boil together with chives, to enough for washing or bathing with leeks, once effective, not washed with water over the body, once daily, and even then washed three days and never itch.
77, psoriasis, stubborn psoriasis (psoriasis): Oriental Arborvitae * (pharmacy sale), sage *, 200 grams, Tribulus * 40 grams of total research the thick end, put gauze bag, boiling water 6 pounds boiled simmer for 30 minutes, coated wash the affected area 3 times a day.
78, neurodermatitis (or allergies, or seasonal occurrence): Lao Doufu three, four two Chaojiao, coated with sesame oil and mix thoroughly the affected area 3 times a day, three or four days of special effects. 79, eczema ( red spots from the skin, blisters, itching): 3 with two Chaojiao research into mung bean flour, coating the affected area with vinegar and mix thoroughly, the second day, and even painted one week to cure. avoid pepper, pepper.
80, urticaria, prickly heat: daily fresh leek juice coating the affected area, one that was effective, three times a day, 2-3 days Jiyu.
81, Vitiligo: ebony (pharmacy sale) 30-50 grams soaked in 95% alcohol 100 ml, 2 weeks after the filter combined with dimethyl sulfoxide (pharmacy sale) 5 ml, rub the affected area 3 times, each time Rub 5 minutes.
82, luck, athlete’s foot: two raw garlic , peeled half a catty vinegar soak 3 days, then garlic, rub the affected area 3 times a day once every 7-10 days, to kill bacteria and anti-inflammatory effects.
83, hands sweat, feet sweat too much: alum (pharmacy sale) 5 money, hot water 2 pounds, with melted dipping hands and feet, one 10 minutes after dipping allowed to dry naturally, once daily, 5 days after the hands and feet sweat normal.
84 , hand, foot and cracking, rough: raw lard twenty-two, plus sugar 1 money. pound evenly rub the hands and feet a day 2-3 times more grams generally 7 days, then rub Ji days later and never recurred.
85, no frostbite broken: pointed pepper 5 money, liquor or alcohol into the bottle with half a catty dip 3 days after the beginning of frostbite, skin irritation, fever coated surface of the skin, day five, with special effects, once for 10 days until half recovery eradicate the coming year, and never again made.
86, frostbite has been broken: the old cotton (the more stale the better) ashes, coated with sesame oil and mix thoroughly the affected area three times a day.
87, tulip style, gray Nails: half a catty vinegar 1 kg Aozhi add peeled garlic, one, two hands later with a vinegar soaked twice a day, once for 10 minutes, then washed with water immersion, 7 days can be.
88 , sore, boil, boil: raw potato mash, coated surface with a cloth, for a day, usually 5 days.
89, corns, Hou child: first the external surface of the skin eliminate the old leather, and then coated with oil cooler, fire with cigarettes smoked, to insist on a little pain when removed after the fireworks, the second day, 5 days off without hair.
90, burn: You can use egg white, sugar water, vinegar, honey, painted as soon as the burn wound, it will not bubble and easy good.
91, Meteors, erysipelas (more patients in the lower limbs, skin redness, swelling, pain and fever accompanied by chills, fever, headache): The fresh gourd leaf juice mixed with golden powder (pharmacy sale) into a paste, coated with the lesion, oral medicine three wonderful pill * wonders.
92, mosquito bites (redness, itching): You can use garlic, ginger rub or with vinegar, toothpaste, salt, add water and mix thoroughly coated with cigarette ash, can be effective immediately itching, swelling detoxification.
five, gynecological, male subjects
93, women leucorrhea (vaginal discharge, odor): Health egg, from a knock a hole in the seven white pepper into the egg, the paper seal steamed to pepper eggs, one day, eat for a week, Jichi blood, green beans
94, irregular menstruation (to advance or delay were more than 7 days): Dry multiple intersecting half a catty, fried yellow research into powder, liquor delivery service three times a day, a 2 money, to be served by a month.
95, metrorrhagia (too much menstruation): 3 two black fungus, stir dry research into powder, red pond water delivery service, a 3 money, the second day.
96, amenorrhea (18-year-old girl after more than in February and non-pregnant women not to menstruation): eggplant slices roasted research into a powder. wine delivery service, second day, a 5 money, ten days can be more.
97, pass through (come through when abdominal pain): The first one or two loofah bars, burned a bowl of soup served, the second day, 7 days recovery.
98, outside the Yin Yang: light blue roots one or two of pepper 10, with Jianshui bowl, wash genitals, twice a day, were washed three days.
99, post-Queru: lettuce seeds (pharmacy sale) 5 money, decoction bowl, add sugar a dose, the second day, 5 days milk sufficient.
100, pre-knowledge of men and women: the first morning urine of pregnant women instillation of two drops of alcohol, red for men, no change for women.
101, female infertility: a raw egg only open a small hole into the safflower (pharmacy sale) 0.5 money around, and then steamed eggs, day one, ate a month (to clean after menstruation began to eat).
102, the uterus ovarian cancer: 6 grams of saffron, black beans 30 grams, Shuijianbi to eat black beans and saffron soup, day 2.
103, male infertility: a day with a sparrow, hair and internal organs removed , the Tusi seed (pharmacy sale) 2 money into Sparrow belly, wrapped steamed eat sparrows, once a half months, eventually becoming married man can cure fertility.
104, impotence (erectile male penis can not be ): magnet (magnet) 5 money, rooster testicles 5, dip a pound of white wine, three days later by regular amount to drink, eat normally takes a half to January. (magnet can be used repeatedly). If people are not taken to drink, every Day two cock testicles fried food, ate half months to January, full recovery of sexual function.
105, emission (sleep dreaming stream fine): a pork kidney, cut into the leek seeds (pharmacy sale) 2 money, with a line tied steamed, then chopped oil salt to eat, a day, ate four or five kidneys.
106, premature ejaculation (premature ejaculation when the men in the intercourse): leek seeds (pharmacy sale) semi- Yanhuang pounds, with wine delivery service, a 2 money, three times a day, served the cure.
107, intestinal gas: salt half a catty sizzling, add pepper 20, cloth, wrap the affected area to cool the salt , once daily, preferably before bed, once every four or five days of special effects. 108, male sexual dysfunction (impotence not only inadequate sexual function, more common in the elderly and infirm, but also caused by excessive sexual intercourse) : live freshwater shrimp or large shrimp one or two of white wine 1 kg, 5 days later by regular dip drinker to drink, wine after eating fried shrimp. once a half months, a yin tonic, aphrodisiac, the male hormone supplement, enhance sexual function the effect.
109, prostatitis: 0.5 g musk, white pepper 7, research into the go, bottling. The umbilical washed with alcohol, the musk into the navel, and then pepper covered in the above , cover with a white circle, external tape snapping, dressing every 7-10 days 1, 10 times as a course of treatment.
110, benign prostatic hypertrophy: melon seeds (pharmacy sale) 30 grams of black fungus 15 grams, Qin skin (pharmacy sale) 15 grams of water simmer in water, 2 times.
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six, ENT
111, toothache (neurological, allergic , tooth decay can be painful): pepper 10, white wine one or two, will pepper soaked in wine, ten minutes later the mouth with wine, Ji-minute effective, every 10 minutes twice a day, 3-4 days of recovery.
112, periodontitis, gingivitis: with an equal amount of egg white mix drink, including the mouth, spit it out after 5 minutes, the second day (day one egg), 2-3 days of anti-inflammatory pain.
113, dental bleeding (bleeding or brush your teeth often cause): 10 pepper, vinegar, two or three, dip two days after the mouth with a 3 minutes, 2 times a day, 5 days There are special effects. 114, lightning of pink eye: eye drops employing milk, eyes closed for 10 minutes, the second day, a second drop, with special effects, avoid spicy.
115, conjunctivitis (non-electro-optic pink eye): use of green tea water, wash 3-5 times a day, usually 2-3 days of anti-inflammatory anti-bacterial effect. avoid drink, spicy thing.
116, tearing eyes, trachoma: dried mulberry leaves (pharmacy sale) 1 2, plus a bowl of water to a boil, wash 3-5 times a day, once a week.
117, vision loss (the old light, old flowers, blurred vision): white chrysanthemum (pharmacy sale) 2 money, medlar (pharmacy sale) 2 money, water brewing day (one can soak three times), and even drink a half to January, water eyesight. Avoid spicy food thing, kelp.
118, stolen eye of a needle: the needle with the needle nose repeatedly rubbing the affected area, and a little squeeze, 2-3 times a day, no 2 can be cured.
119, cataract (cloudy crystal, so vision loss) : Tribulus terrestris (pharmacy sale) 250 grams of goat 250 grams, 200 grams of sugar, and research for the end of 15 grams per serving, 2 day service, 8 weeks effective.
120, glaucoma (cones in the eye pressure is too high, corneal edema, or mist, vision loss): a pair of pig eyes, plus twelve cooked green beans, then refuel, Salt to taste, eat a day, ate half, make it easy for the eye, the eye bright.
121, otitis media (ear long-term water, flow concentration, pain): 5 fresh leek juice money, adding alum half the money, melted drops of the ear, a 1-2 drops 2 times a day, once every 5 days.
122, tinnitus, deafness: When sweep (pharmacy sale) 15 Money, black beans 30 grams, brown sugar 30 grams, Shuijianbi, 2 times, 2 weeks effective. Chrysanthemum * 30 g , reed rhizome * 30 grams of melon skin * 30 grams of water simmer in water, 2 times a day, 2 weeks effective.
123, insect ear: use of cat urine drop, ear drops, the insects will be automatically out. ( Cat urine extraction method: with a large flap garlic, peeled and rub cat nose, cat pee). 124, mouth sores (also known as Yang Hu sores, ulcers in the mouth called oral): vinegar, mix equal amount of distilled water, coated surface a day 5 times a day for 2-3 days, anti-inflammatory analgesic, with excellent results.
125, sore throat (throat dry and pain, foreign body sensation, acute and chronic can be): a green tea bubble concentration tea about two of water, add honey and stir half of the two daily sub-Ji times and slow rinse throat swallow, one day, 3-5 days, anti-inflammatory analgesic, wet throat, treatment of acute and chronic pharyngitis. avoid eat tobacco, alcohol, spicy food and all there.
126, tonsillitis (initiated by the two sides of throat swelling, pain, and more generally in the cold after): twelve black fungus, stir dry research into powder, each with a half spoon oral powder and honey and mix thoroughly, even the second day for 5 days and never again send (this side attack is being used in tonsillitis).
127, sound mute (cough, speech, too, singing, well done within the causes such as hoarseness): egg, into the bowl, a soup vinegar, stir steamed food, day one, ate 2-3 days, the sound loud. Avoid spicy.
128 , bad breath: reed rhizome (pharmacy sale) (fresh, dry can be) one or two, add crystal sugar bowl decoction taken orally, once daily, morning air, and even served a week. Qinghuo detoxification, stomach fire heat treatment .
129, Fishbone card throat: the lighter you can make good use of vinegar to drink, if not, can duck saliva of a spoon to drink, fish can be automated away. (taking duck saliva method: using a piece of ginger, into the beak inside, and then hung upside down duck, duck that is drooling).
130, rhinitis (including allergic, atrophic, and sinusitis, some discharging water, nose and more, and some smelling insensitive): The yellow brick one, set on fire burning, remove, will pour a spoon of vinegar in the hot brick, and then there are a lot of heat on the risk, patients with the smell of its heat, the second day, 7 days, eliminate heat, anti-inflammatory, detoxification Tongqiao, cure various types of rhinitis, with special effects.
131, nosebleeds: multiple intersecting (pharmacy sale), reed rhizome (pharmacy sale) equivalent, with chopped, fried a bowl of water to drink, the second day, once every 5 days, heat to stop bleeding, and never recurred.
seven, beauty
132, in addition to facial wrinkles: two spoons of fresh cucumber juice, add equal amount of egg white (about one egg), stir every night before going to bed wash your face, then apply facial wrinkles, wash with warm water next morning, once a half to January, the gradual contraction of the skin, eliminate wrinkles with special effects.
133, thick black skin: by cosmetic whitening skin, can only temporarily cover up, treatment table is not a cure, is to introduce you to a treatment table while the real root of the problem can make the skin white whitening recipe, both simple and special effects: 5:1 mixture of glycerol with white vinegar and often rub the skin (day two or three times) to make the skin moist, reduce melanin deposition in January after the soft white skin that is delicate, clean and smooth and elastic, full of beauty. (This side of the genetic black skin are effective).
134, in addition to freckles: Almond (pharmacy sale) 5 money and research into a fine powder, mix thoroughly with the egg, painted face every night before bed, wash with warm water next morning, a 10-day 15, markedly, After not fat.
135, cinnamon classes Hudie Ban: melon juice equal amount of white vinegar, and mix thoroughly coated face 2-3 times a day, painted over after 10 minutes and wash. once every half addition to the net.
136, in addition to facial pigmented spots: fresh tomato juice, honey, according to the 5:1 mixture, painted face, wash off after 10 minutes, once every 10-15 days, can break down melanin, the skin become ruddy.
137, in addition to acne (acne wine thorn Qingchun Dou): fresh cucumber juice equal amount of white vinegar and mix thoroughly, wash with hot water first and then painted face, three times a day, painted more than 10 minutes after wash with warm water, once a half months can be more, not after the old.
138, in addition to mole: burnt peanuts mashed, mix thoroughly with alcohol, coated moles, painted before going to bed every night and package the next morning wash, once a half months can be eliminated, (large mole to be painted in January).
139, hair loss, dandruff head itch: each with mulberry root bark (pharmacy sale) 4 money, pounds of water, boil wash your hair once a day, washed with water not too far once every 5 days, can promote blood circulation of scalp hair-fixing role and governance of dandruff head itch, renewable hair.
140, alopecia areata baldness: 134 Use by, and rub the scalp with old ginger 3-5 times daily, and 134 with the use of a half months, after a month or two will not re-grow a thick hair.
141, hair brightening: 2:1 mixture of vinegar and beer a day once the hair with a towel, then cover the moisture, once a half months.
142, black hair: Polygonum (pharmacy sale) black sesame seeds two or three, along with fried dry pulverization, with sugar water transfer service, each 3 money, the time, even for a half months, Kidney health can be made bogey beans.
143, weight: dry leaves (pharmacy sale) dry melon skin (pharmacy sale) at 1:2 with a good, hot day with one or two a pound or so of hot water drink, there are thick and greasy to the effect of hand scraping oil, avoid fat.
144, lean people gain weight: eggs, two, playing in a bowl, add a spoon of tomato sauce Shengfan and the amount of sugar, with the same amount of open water into a half-cooked food once a day, morning flight (which can also eat thin yellow egg) ate in January, the future will gradually gain weight.
145, white teeth: same amount of baking soda with salt, add tune into like toothpaste, brush your teeth once a day, 3-4 days in addition to all the surface stain teeth, the teeth white.
146, in addition to beard hair (hirsutism): the amount of the old battery powder alkali powder, with alcohol mix thoroughly, over 5 minutes to automatically wash once a day 5-7 days after the beard hairs to fall off, there will be no recurrence, this side of the skin allergies, no stimulation, without any side effects.
eight grams of food not to eat within two hours, (Abstract of the health-related books)
1, m-egg avoid saccharin with food poisoning, death
2, m-tofu with fresh honey avoid deafness
3 , — pig’s blood with fresh kelp avoid constipation
4, potatoes, bananas — avoid eating on the same freckle
5, avoid red meat with food inflation Tong — dead
6 …

Thyroid cyst thyroid cysts ate a diet should pay attention to what ? Life, we are plagued by thyroid cysts , but we all still very Ku angry , because its treatment is still very stubborn , so we will have to curb pay more attention to diet , then you know what to eat before the disease is good help? or introduction bar to listen to small series .

Ate thyroid cyst ? Thyroid cysts diet should pay attention to what ?

1 seaweed porridge . The side with detoxification , lungs and phlegm, Endometriosis , lower blood pressure effect for simple goiter , hyperthyroidism, cervical lymphadenopathy , edema , gonorrhea , athlete’s foot , cough , chronic bronchitis , high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis , embolism . Where the spleen and stomach while wet stagnation unfit for human consumption .

2 ribs seaweed soup . This side has a soft firm phlegm , heat diuretic effect , applied to the skin , itching, goiter, cervical lymphatic embolism .

3 pig pancreas light soup . The side with Yifei spleen , thirst and moistening effect for diabetes, goiter, dry hair, small , weak postpartum weight loss embolism .

4 kelp pork soup . This side has a soft firm phlegm , heat diuretic effect , for goiter, cervical lymph node nuclear and so on.

Ate thyroid cyst ? Thyroid cysts diet should pay attention to what ? Life, we must pay attention to their diet , according to Zhao described above do , in addition , to do more in life prevention of thyroid cyst is still very important, hope to attract attention .

The early stages of asthma symptoms :
patients often before the onset of chest tightness , gas choke, cough , often accompanied by nasal itching , eye itching , sneezing , runny nose . Wheezing 10 minutes before the increased sense of chest tightness , a tight , choking feeling, then there breath longer associated with wheeze . patients often can not supine , was forced to sit up, head forward, shoulders arched , sweating , breathing so after ten minutes or Ji after a few hours and gradually ease , usually spit up a lot more breathing space before the end of white mucous sputum , airway suddenly felt smooth and comfortable; severe cases can not be relieved due to the emergence of sustained episodes of headache , dizziness , anxiety , trance , lethargy , coma asthma attack last more than 24 hours are known as status asthmaticus .
acute asthma patients can sleep at night when suddenly awakened . exacerbation of chronic asthma as the weight, and longer duration , and intermittent short . usually due to a cold or inhaled odor and increase, sometimes can be heard wheezing . patient physical inadequate, often attack at night , during the day and improved , and it could keep working and Pok learning , but the ability to work down , tired, malnutrition, repeated respiratory tract infections, decreased immunity , lack of oxygen , gradually evolved into emphysema and other organic disease . ‘s body , Pok learning , work and family life are affected , not the performance of a small number of patients with asthma , but in a dry cough as the main characteristics .

With the development of society, people’s living standards improve, the woman no matter men, old and young, have their own cosmetics, some people also use cosmetics containing hormones in order to everyone knows those frequently used cosmetic ingredients mixed with hormones, not only will affect the beauty, and would harm the health of, or even trigger allergy symptoms, inducing acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
Chronic bronchitis is a common illness, disease, disease is caused by acute bronchitis is not treated in time, after repeated infections, caused by long-term stimulation. to bring these exciting pathogens are: smoking, cold, cold, dust inhalation, the body allergy, climate change, air pollution, stimulate the bronchi and bronchioles have repeatedly infected, leading to the pipe lining membrane thickened, twisted narrow, and is too much mucus and excessive contraction of the block wall bronchus, will result in chronic bronchitis.
ancient Chinese medicine experts said side: allergy is an important cause of chronic bronchitis. The most typical cosmetic allergy is allergic to fragrance, and water containing alcohol cosmetics will also have some skin irritation. Others, such as chemical and biological preservatives, acid, etc. are different for different skin caused by the stimulation of the bronchi and bronchioles can spasm, causing chronic bronchitis.
74.6% of patients with facial skin allergy is caused due to improper use of cosmetics. all cones per day per female to reach out to 12 kinds of cosmetics, which includes 175 kinds of Pok substance of these substances can easily lead of Pok induced from patients with facial erythema, papules, moss, pigmentation, etc. Some patients used hormone therapy applied facial skin allergies, hormone-dependent results of facial dermatitis develop into a vicious circle. Some people with allergies not only produce facial skin allergic reactions, may also cause allergic reactions to other systems, such as chronic bronchitis.
experts said the ancient square: some patients with these allergic symptoms mistaken for the common cold, self-medication, the results are often adversely affected by the condition In addition, this is the turn of spring and summer season, women are often popular with people of sunscreen actually only a certain resist ultraviolet effects on the skin is not any good, very easy to cause allergic diseases, leading to recurrent symptoms of chronic bronchitis there.
ancient side experts advise: Cosmetics are not more expensive the better, only for their own good cosmetics is cosmetic, in order to reduce or avoid cosmetic allergy caused by a disease caused, I believe that read whitening cosmetics if it contains heavy metals,

Clinical practitioner qualification examination papers and reference answers (written part of the comprehensive health Pok 4) A1-type multiple-choice questions (questions 1-45)
answer exam questions every description
below A, B, C, D, E five alternative answers, please choose a best answer, and answer the corresponding question number card will belong to the corresponding letter box blackened.
1. the best form of immune tolerance induction period is (answer: B)
A. adulthood
B. infancy
C. old age
D. Embryonic
E. adolescence
2. Mycobacterium The most significant component of Pok bacteria (Answer: B)
is characterized by containing a large number of
A. Lipid protein
B.
C. polysaccharide
D. RNA
E. phosphorus-wall acid
3. does not include the cause of acute mastitis (Answer: E)
A. nipple Hom
B. Excessive
C. milk duct breast lymph barrier
D. duct obstruction
E. Infant Breast less
4. chronic bronchitis patients with respiratory tract infection, the most common pathogenic Gram-negative bacilli (Answer: D)
A. Klebsiella pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae bacteria
B.
C. coli
D. Proteus
E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5. maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) concentration reached a peak in pregnancy (Answer: E)
A.5 ~ 7 周 B.8 ~ 10 周 C.11 ~ 13 周 D.14 ~ 16 周 E.17 ~ 19 weeks. osteochondrosis of the tibial tubercle treatment approach is not appropriate (answer: B)
A. strenuous activity to reduce the knee to relieve symptoms when the symptoms
B. braking
C. feasible short-term knee partial closure
D . adult symptoms are still viable drilling or bone graft
E. generally without taking painkillers
7. is a steroid hormone is (answer: C)
A. adrenocorticotropic hormone
B. adrenocorticotropic hormone
C. adrenal medulla hormone
D. Thyroid hormone
E. Thyroid hormone
8. Acute suppurative osteomyelitis of the most common pathogen is (answer: D)
A. B chain cones bacteria
B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)
C. pneumoniae double cones of E. coli
D. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
E. cones bacteria
9. Protein – energy malnutrition in children are the first symptoms (the answer: D)
A. height is lower than normal
B. subcutaneous fat disappears
C. weight gain
D. Weight loss
E. hypotonia
10. activation of PKC to phosphorus acid amino acid residues (Answer: A)
A. tyrosine / serine
B. tyrosine / threonine
C. serine / threonine.
D. serine / threonine
E. histidine / histidine
11 newborns with congenital hypothyroidism is a typical laboratory test results (Answer: A)
A.T4d, TSH normal
B.T4d, TSH normal
C.T4d, TSHu
D.T4u, TSHd
E.T5u, TSHu
12. ulcers common bottom plane of arterial thrombosis, where the most important mechanism of thrombosis (Answer: C)
A. ulcers release the large amounts of tissue prothrombin
B. ulcer endarteritis caused by rough
C. endometrial blood flow at the ulcer slowly
D. ulcer fibrosis within the arterial blood flow in irregular
E. gastric promote clotting process
13. on neurosis, the correct statement is (Answer: E)
A. Most associated with multiple personality disorder
B. strong mental stimulation in the pathogenesis of
C . symptoms of poor specificity
D. generally more acute onset
E. social function of patients affected
14. osteochondrosis of the femoral head is the pathological stage (Answer: B)
A. ischemia, blood for rebuilding, healing, deformity remaining period
B. ischemia, necrosis of the early, mid necrosis, ischemic necrosis of the late period
C., deformation period, the healing period
D. ischemia, necrosis phase, healing
E. ischemia, epiphyseal destruction period, healing
15. a history of chronic atrial fibrillation is atrial fibrillation (Answer: C)
A. greater than 24 hours
B. greater than 48 hours
C. greater than 3 days D. greater than 1 month
E. greater than 3 months
16. in the infection process 5 kinds of performance, the lowest proportion, but the most easily identifiable is (answer: B)
A. pathogens, latent infection is cleared
B. overt infection
D.
C. pathogen carrier state
E. latent infection
17. cirrhotic portal hypertension is the most diagnostic value of the performance (Answer: E)
A.
B. ascites, splenomegaly, hypersplenism
C.
D. abdominal esophageal varices, gastric varices
E. jaundice
18. Diagnostic criteria for anemia in adult women is lower than the concentration of hemoglobin (Answer: A)
A.140g / L
B.130g / L
C.120g / L
D.110g / L
E.100g / L
19. vaginal delivery, in order to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, intravenous ergometrine should be (the answer: D)
A. fetal head exposed labia aside after the joint is tight
B. fetal head is a crown when the fetal head was delivered
C. tire shoulder when
D.
E. placenta was delivered when
20. more prone to clubbing (toe) is a respiratory disease (Answer: B)
A. chronic bronchitis tubulitis
B. emphysema
C. bronchial asthma
D. Bronchiectasis
E. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
21. glucocorticoid drugs can be used to treatment (Answer: B)
A. Essential thrombocythemia
B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
C. Chronic myeloid leukemia
D. polycythemia vera bone
E. loose
22. The main method of treatment of renal cell carcinoma is (Answer: E)
A. simple nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy
B.
C. partial nephrectomy
D. radiotherapy
E. chemotherapy
23. China’s current use of the provisions of perinatal (Answer: C)
A. from embryogenesis to postnatal 1 week B. from 20 weeks gestation 4 weeks postpartum C. from 24 weeks gestation from postpartum 1 weeks D. 28 weeks gestation E. postpartum 1 weeks postpartum from 28 weeks gestation 4 weeks 24 In animal studies, losartan observed pharmacological effects, mainly through the determination (Answer: D)
A. renin activity
B. ACE activity
C. vascular smooth muscle cell Ca2 + content
D. The anti-AT Ⅱ receptor activity
E. urine change
25 can directly act on the thermoregulatory center of the material is (Answer: E)
A. leukocyte-induced heat
B. Bacterial toxins
C. Antigen-antibody complex
D. necrotic material
E. virus
26. tuberculous meningitis in children with early clinical manifestations (Answer: E)
A. bregma Bao full
B. personality change
C. convulsions
D . confusion
E. meningeal irritation
27. diagnosis of lymphoma most clinical manifestations (Answer: A)
A. hepatosplenomegaly
B. Long-term periodic fever
C., night sweats, weight loss
D.
E. painless lymph nodes and lymph nodes have limited adhesion
28. the basic elements in the prevention of MODS, the error is (answer: C)
A. emphasis on diagnosis and treatment of acute severe when the overall concept of
B. emphasis on prevention and treatment of patients infected with circulatory and respiratory
C.
D. actively improve the general state
E. Early sequential secondary treatment a number of important organ dysfunction
29. any unit or individual to carry out treatment activities, must be legally obtained (Answer: C)
A. for the record receipt liver failure, the following measures are unreasonable (answer: B)
A. oral lactulose
B. vote to cast intestinal antimicrobial
C. for branched chain amino acid
D. fat emulsion in order to vote for the supply of heat
E. by activated carbon adsorption, semi-permeable membrane dialysis removal of harmful substances in the blood
31. periarthritis of the clinical features (Answer: D)
A. activities pain, functional limitation
B. resting pain, functional limitation
C. activities, pain, function restricted
D. No pain at rest, functional activities limited
E. When pain, functional limitation
32. vitamin D deficiency rickets caused by a bone-like tissue of skeletal changes (Answer: E)
A. cranial side
B. costophrenic sulcus ( Hershey ditch)
C. breast or funnel-shaped legs, chest
DO or X-shaped legs
E. spine kyphosis or scoliosis
33. portal hypertension is mainly due to (Answer: C )
A. portal vein congenital malformations
B. hepatic vein thrombosis, stenosis
C. hepatic inferior vena cava obstruction
D. cirrhosis of the liver caused by a variety of reasons spleen
E. venous flow excessive
34. to measure the population in a short time the frequency of new cases, the use of indicators (Answer: E)
A. morbidity incidence
C
B. .
D. prevalence of infection
E. incidence ratio
35. most of the hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis diagnosis is (answer: C)
A. increased serum lipase
B. Serum amylase increased
C. lower serum calcium
D.
EB blood bilirubin increased pancreatic ultrasound
36. extensive deep vein thrombosis the most serious of complications (Answer: B)
A. leg ulcers
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. with lower extremity varicose veins
D. artery spasm, limb ischemia
E. chamber vein occlusion
37. Pediatric head circumference and chest of roughly equal age (Answer: B)
A.6 months
B.1 D.2 years old C.1.5 E.2.5 years old 38 Medicine is benevolence is (answer: D)
A. Medical ethics is the essential characteristic of
B. Pok is the medical ethics activities in the general phenomenon of Pok
C. Medical ethics is a non-Pok essential requirement
D. Medical ethics is the individual nature of the
E. Pok morality is the pursuit of individual medical staff
39. the frail elderly, more sputum expectoration in chronic bronchitis and weak inflammation in patients, should not use drugs (Answer: A)
A. Ofloxacin
B. bromhexine
C. carbocisteine ​​
D. Ambroxol
E. codeine
40. experiments on human well-known international documents (Answer: A)
A. pain, is not in
B. Satisfy ipsilateral to contralateral elbow forearm
C. After the triangle normal
D. elbow triangle anomaly
E. elbow in a semi-extension position
42 protein secondary structure refers to the molecule (Answer: C)
A. sequence of amino acids
B. Each amino acid side chain conformation of the local main chain
C. conformation of
D. subunits between the relative spatial location
E. spatial location of each atom relative
43. serious pituitary primary hypothyroidism is the lack of easy to hypoglycemia ( Answer: C)
A. PRL and LH
B. PRL and TSH
C. PRL and ACTH
D. GH and TSH
E. GH and ACTH
44. serious coronary artery stenosis is the degree of coronary stenosis (Answer: C)
A.50% over
B.70% more
C.30% more than
D.90%
E.95% above
45. nephritis, the capillary wall thickening was the track-like or layering seen in (answer: B)
A. Acute diffuse proliferative nephritis, renal cones
B. diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis
C. renal cones diffuse membranous proliferative nephritis
D. renal cones diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis
E renal cones . diffuse crescentic nephritis, renal cones
A2-type multiple-choice questions (46-59 questions)
description
every answer questions based on a small case occurs, the following are A, B, C, D, E five alternative answers, please choose a best answer, and answer the corresponding question number card will belong to the corresponding letter box blackened.
46.45-year-old female, severe pelvic fractures, 24-hour urine output 200ml, potassium 5.9mmol / L, carbon dioxide combining power of 13mmol / L, BUN 27mmol / L, the following treatment is not correct (the answer: A)
A.10% calcium gluconate solution, 20ml, slow intravenous injection
B.11.2% sodium lactate solution, 60ml, slow intravenous injection
C. oral sodium resin 10g, three times a day
D. hemodialysis
E . lose the same type of stored blood 200ml
47. female, 2 years old. examination revealed left sternal border 2 to 3 intercostal II ~ III systolic murmur, pulmonary valve area 2 tone hyperthyroidism, with fixity division. The children The diagnosis is (answer: D)
A. Patent ductus arteriosus
B. atrial septal defect ventricular septal defect
D.
C. Tetralogy of Fallot
E. Pulmonary stenosis
48. a construction worker falling from a height, lower back contusion, flaccid paralysis of both lower extremities, to the hospital emergency room. See the waist is not in check, the following groin sensory, motor and reflex. X ray showed thoracic 12 vertebral compression fractures. 2 hours after admission, his lower limb function gradually recovered. The patient’s spinal cord injury may be (the answer: D)
A. Spinal cord concussion
B. Spinal cord hemorrhage
C. edema
D. cauda equina injury spinal cord compression
E.
49. male, 5 years old. eyelid edema 2 weeks laboratory tests: hemoglobin 97g / L. What is the urine protein, urine red blood cells + / HP, urinary proportion of 1.026. serum albumin 27g / L, cholesterol 9.8mmol / L, C3460mg / L. The most likely diagnosis is (answer: C)
A. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis acute exacerbation of chronic nephritis
B.
C. Acute pyelonephritis
D. simple nephrotic
E. nephritis nephropathy
50. a psychologist, met in the supermarket is also one of his patients and their acquaintance with shopping, the therapist did not intentionally ignore his patients because he followed the principles of a psychological treatment is (answer: B)
A. principle of good faith
B. neutrality principle of confidentiality
C.
D. avoid the principle of
E. principle of flexibility
51. women, 54 years old. leucorrhea, even thin, the smell, vaginal mucous membrane hyperemia, vaginal pH 5 the most likely diagnosis is ( Answer: D)
A. Acute gonorrhea
B. Bacterial vaginosis
C.
D. Candida vaginitis Trichomonas vaginitis senile vaginitis

E. 52 female, 30 years old. constipation for 2 years, nearly half of the door on to the stool anus pain, fecal blood with the surface and then on paper, the diagnosis is most likely (Answer: D)
A. hemorrhoids
B . hemorrhoids
C. rectal fistula
E.
D. anus anus crack
53.20-year-old unmarried woman, menarche age 14, nearly three years by a periodic pattern, gradually reduced by the amount a year ago, Six months ago, amenorrhea, double-PANGXIDONG basal body temperature curve in this case most likely the disease is (answer: C)
A. cervical stenosis
B. uterine hypoplasia
C. endometrial tuberculosis
D. ovarian testicular neuroblastoma
E body dysfunction
54. male, 30 years old, sudden abdominal pain hours, suspected gastrointestinal perforation, shock-free performance, in order to further confirm the diagnosis, the preferred inspection method is (answer: E)
A. Diagnostic abdominal puncture
B. upright abdominal X-ray
C. CT examination
DB ultrasound
EX line gastrointestinal barium meal examination
55. Male, 65 years old, admitted to hospital suffering from acute pancreatitis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome appear to analyze its mechanism, not a significant factor in the damage (Answer: A)
A. cytokines
B. inflammatory mediators
C. growth factor
D. systemic inflammatory response
E. ischemia – reperfusion
56.14 year old boy to hospital because of abdominal pain, check: double lower limb symmetry into pieces small bleeding, urine that + + + hematuria, the patient most likely diagnosis is (Answer: E)
A. Renal vascular malformations
B. Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis
C. Renal colic
D. Acute pyelonephritis, nephritis
E. Nephroptosis
57. male, 65 years, smoking more than 40 years, chronic cough, sputum more than 20 years. nearly 2 shortness of breath when tired years Examination: decreased breath sounds in both lungs, lung lower bound down. lungs at the end there is a small moist rales. The most likely diagnosis is (answer: B)
A. Lobar
B. emphysema
C. pleural effusion
D. bronchial asthma
E. pneumothorax
58. Female, 70 years old, admitted to hospital because of acute abdomen, acute salvage process has emerged oliguria, pulmonary edema, difficulty breathing, drowsiness, unconsciousness, gastrointestinal bleeding and other symptoms, should be diagnosed as (Answer: E)
A. DIC
B. ARF
C. MODS
D . ARDS
E. Curling ulcer
59.1-year-old boy, because of pale greenish yellow, thin hair dry in March. blood showed Hb89g / L, neutrophils become larger and watched too many leaves. bone marrow said: immature red blood cells Megaloblastic change order to confirm the diagnosis, we should first check is selected (Answer: E)
A. Determination of serum VitB6
B. Determination of serum VitB12
C. Determination of serum acid
D serum ferritin determination
E. Serum iron determination
B1-type multiple-choice questions (60-68 questions)
description
answer questions provided below several groups, each sharing in the test questions questions before the listed A, B, C, D, E five alternative answers, please choose a problem most closely with the answer, and answer sheet will be the appropriate question number blacked out the box belongs to the corresponding letter . one of the alternate answer may be selected once, several times or not be selected.
(60 ~ 61 alternative answers to common questions)
A.Cl-flow
B.Cl-flow
C.Na2 + influx
D.K + influx
E.K + outflow
60. sinoatrial node cells action potential depolarization is due to 0 (Answer: A)
61. Purkinje cell action potential 0 depolarization is due to (answer: D)
(62 ~ 63 alternative answers to common questions)
A.10 years and a half months
B.1
C.1 years and 8 months
D.2 aged 62 years and a half
E.3 in normal children’s teeth out together at the latest age (Answer: E)
63. fontanelle closed before most normal children late age (Answer: A)
(64 ~ 65 alternative answers to common questions)
A. amniotomy
B. cesarean
C. abortion
D. perineum lateral
E. Low Forceps
64. pregnant 35 weeks, eclampsia, convulsions control 6 hours, measures to be taken at this time is (answer: B)
65. early mild pregnancy-induced hypertension maternal, pregnancy 39 weeks, labor, cervix 1 hour, LOA, S +3, fetal heart rate 110 beats / min, meconium-stained amniotic fluid light, measures to be taken at this time is (answer: D)
(66 to 68 alternative answers to common questions)
A. precancerous lesions of early cancer
C.
B. benign
D. borderline malignant tumors

E. 66 straight, multiple familial adenomatous colorectal polyps are (Answer: D)
67. only infiltration of the mucosa and submucosa of gastrointestinal cancer, said (Answer: E)
68. immature abnormal fetal tumor is (answer: B)
A3/A4 type multiple-choice questions (69 to 80 questions)
provided the following answer shows
several cases, each case consists of a number of road exam. Please questions the information provided, the following questions in every A, B, C, D, E five alternative answers to choose a best answer, and answer the corresponding question number card will belong to the corresponding side letters box blackened.
(69 ~ 71 shared casual working title)
male, 60 years old, due to repeated bleeding gastric ulcer merger, Bank gastrectomy.
69. 5 days after the patient black, the most likely reason is (answer: B)
A lesser curvature close the bleeding inaccurate
B. anastomotic bleeding
C. anastomotic part of mucosal necrosis
D. Stress gastric ulcer
E. Postoperative residual blood
70. after 10 days, has entered the liquid diet, sudden vomiting, symptoms improved after fasting. barium meal examination showed the output section of a long narrow shape of the funnel The choice of treatment the patient does not include (Answer: E)
A. decompression
B. transfusion
C. corticosteroids
D. intramuscular neostigmine
E. immediate surgery
71. The postoperative nutritional complications that may arise does not include (Answer: D)
A. hemolytic anemia, weight loss
B.
C. diarrhea
D. steatorrhea
E. bone
(72-74 shared casual)
female, 35 years old, the mother suddenly died six months ago, after insomnia, low mood, do not want with people. the past three months alone have often heard the sound of her speech, saying the mother died with someone, write it several times to reflect the public security organs in a matter of killing the mother, and later find themselves thinking, feeling not help at their disposal, their own idea has not been well known to say, often crying.
nervous system revealed no abnormalities, a history of chronic hepatitis, three years, the current unit of liver ALT80 Ji.
72. The patients had no symptoms is (Answer: E)
A. paranoia
B. Mandatory thinking
C. emotional low
D. insight into delusional thinking is verbal auditory hallucinations
E.
73 The patients most likely diagnosis is (Answer: E)
A. depression with psychotic symptoms
B. reactive psychosis
C. neurasthenia
D. schizophrenia with depressive symptoms
E. mental disorders due to physical illness
74. The patient is the drug of choice (Answer: A)
A. clonazepam fluoxetine
C. Chlorine
B. C. Qin Qin
D. C. Miles
E. Risperidone (75-77 shared casual working title)
women, aged 30, 4 hours ago falls unconscious after 5 minutes after walking home sober .1 hours ago severe headache, vomiting, sent to the emergency 3 Examination: coma, P64 beats / min, BPl80/90mmHg, R18 times were left pupil 3mm, the right pupil 2mm, upper right, lower extremity muscle strength grade III
75. diagnosis should be considered (Answer: E)
A. concussion
B. brain contusion
C. acute epidural hematoma
D. Acute subdural hematoma
E. Acute intracerebral hematoma
76. should be taken immediately to check is (answer: D)
A. EEG
B. Cerebral angiography
C. head CT
D. Fundus examination
E. ECG
77. shall immediately take the emergency salvage measures (Answer: B)
A. Application wake promoting agent
B. Application of blood pressure lowering drugs
C. hypothermia
D. close observation of changes in
E. mannitol, while preparing for craniotomy
(78 ~ 80 shared casual working title)
male, 52 years old, nearly two months to an increase in stool frequency, a heavy feeling in anus doors and tenesmus, stool thin, often bloody mucus, symptoms can be alleviated by antibiotic treatment, but soon relapsed, and was progressively increased.
78, first check should be carried out is (Answer: E)
A. Digital rectal examination
B. barium enema
C. Abdominal CT
D. Straight (sigmoid junction) microscopic examination of intestinal
EB ultrasound
79. If confirmed by pathological examination of rectal adenocarcinoma, the tumor from the anus the lower edge of the door about 12cm, tumor diameter of about 4cm. the best surgical approach should be selected (Answer: B)
A . Miles surgery
B. sigmoid colostomy
C. Hartmenn surgery
D. Dixon surgery
E. excision
80. from time to additional chemotherapy after that (the answer: A)
A. DukesA period B. DukesB period C.DukesC1 period D.DukesC2 phase E. DukesD period
Please continue to complete Section II questions –
A1-type multiple-choice questions (81-126 questions)
answer exam questions every description
below A, B, C, D, E five alternative answers, please choose a best answer, and answer the corresponding question number card will The box belongs to blacken the corresponding letter.
81. in the serum of patients with hepatitis B can not detect markers of hepatitis B virus is (Answer: C)
A. HBsAg
B. Anti – HBs
C. HBeAg
D. HBcAg
E. anti-HBc
82. in the synaptic transmission process, a key factor in causing transmitter release is (answer: D)
A . excitement spread to the nerve endings
B. presynaptic membrane depolarization occurs
C.Ca2 + into the presynaptic membrane of peripheral
D. axoplasm before the level of viscosity before
E. inside negative membrane potential size of the
83. cervical cancer screening when the most practical way to check is (Answer: E)
A. colposcopy
B. gynecological examination
triple diagnosis iodine test
D. C. cervical smear cervical cells Pok check
E. cervical biopsy
84. HLA-II antigens on the right molecule is (answer: B)
A. by a chain and b2m chains
B. presentation of exogenous antigen
C. distributed in the surface of all nucleated cells
D. from the HLAA, B, C and other genes may encode
E. and CD8 molecules
85. neonatal sepsis is the most valuable diagnostic evidence (Answer: E)
A. fever
B. WBC increase
C.
D positive blood cultures . there are skin rash was
E. wound
86. acute pancreatitis, amylase determination on the correct statement is (answer: D)
A. Only blood and urine amylase to diagnose acute pancreatic inflammation
B. Serum amylase reached the peak 8-hour serum amylase
C. 2 times more than normal can be diagnosed with acute pancreatitis
D. amylase level does not necessarily reflect the severity of the disease
E. sustainable urinary amylase 2 to 4 weeks 87 4 ~ 5cm from the anus edge of the cancer, the most common surgical approach is (answer: B)
A. anterior resection
B. abdominal cancer resection, closed distal, proximal colostomy
C. abdominal perineal rectal cancer
D. pull-type colorectal cancer resection
E. rectal resection mirror surgery
88. on account of errors of DNA polymerase is (answer: D)
A. template DNA
B. must be an extension of the primer RNA
C. direction 5r3
D. by NTP as raw materials
E. exonuclease activity with 3r5
89. the physician’s professional level, work ethic into the plot and situation, shall enjoy the right to periodically assess the unit is (answer: D)
A.
B. above the county level people’s governments above the county level health administrative departments
C. by the people’s government above the county level health administrative departments of the agency or organization commissioned by physician where medical
D. Pok will or Medical Association
E. physicians working in health care, prevention, care
90. ethics training should adhere to (answer: A)
A. collective organization

B. C. Mandatory
E. practical
D. mobility
91. injection of tetanus antitoxin (TAT) is intended (Answer: E)
A. Vaccination of susceptible populations
B. tetanus for patients with suspected or confirmed emergency to prevent or treat
C. tetanus kill the shuttle breeding wound (bar) bacteria D. Major vaccination for children in and with
E. nerve cells with the toxin
92. liver volume was significantly reduced, the appearance of yellow-green, nodular surface, the light microscope, large areas of necrosis of liver cells, while regeneration nodules can be seen clearly cholestasis, inflammatory cell infiltration, nodules between the fibrous tissue and bile duct hyperplasia significantly, according to the disease should be diagnosed as (Answer: D)
A. general acute jaundice hepatitis
B. Chronic hepatitis with severe acute hepatitis

C. D. sub-acute severe hepatitis
E. portal cirrhosis
93. advanced schistosomiasis, the most common clinical type (Answer: C)
A. splenomegaly type
B. ascites
C. dwarf type
D. cerebral
E. Lungs
94. in a quiet state, the body heat regulating activities of the most important humoral factors (Answer: C)
A. Thyroid hormone epinephrine
C.
B. norepinephrine
D. acetylcholine
E. progesterone
95. most common site of myocardial infarction in (the answer : D)
A. septum after 1 / 3
B.
C. left ventricular posterior wall of the right ventricular anterior wall of the left ventricular anterior wall
E.
D. Left ventricular wall
96. leads to the Chaddock sign prompt (Answer: B)
A. cortical brain stem damage
B. beam damage
C. spinothalamic tract pyramidal tract damage
D. thin beam damage
E. wedge beam damage
97. extension type supracondylar fractures more common in (answer: D)
A. older women, older men
C.
B. Children
D middle-aged men, middle-aged women
E.
98. angina pectoris and myocardial infarction chest pain is the main differential point (Answer: E)
A. The duration of pain and of sublingual different response to nitroglycerin
B. of the pain the pain of a different nature in different
C.
D. Radiation of pain in different parts of
E. whether the pain associated with nausea
99. bacteria of pili
100. end-stage chronic renal failure is the main cause of death (the answer: D)
A. cardiovascular complications
B. severe infections
C. severe electrolyte imbalance
D. uremic encephalopathy
E. gastrointestinal bleeding
101. the doctor’s clinical knowledge and skills t patient compliance, equal to (Answer: E)
A. therapy
B. Technical exchanges
C. Non-verbal communication and technological exchanges
D.
E. non-verbal communication
102. KUB is not easy to develop urinary stones (Answer: D)
A. Phosphate stones
B. oxalate stones
C.
D. carbonate stones mixed uric acid stones
E. stones
103. Psychosomatic Medicine Pok by Zhao point of view, the following diseases are psychosomatic diseases is (answer: C)
A. Schizophrenia
B. Depression
C. peptic ulcer
D. Lobar
E . mental retardation
104. residual benign gastric lesions in the stomach after subtotal gastrectomy implementation of at least (Answer: A)
A.1 years in B.2 C.3 D.4 years in E. 5 years 105. to determine the fetal safety of the most simple and more accurate method is (answer: B)
A. Oxytocin irritation test
B. fetal movement counting
C. Determination of urinary estriol
D. electronic fetal monitoring
E. amniotic microscopy
106. not of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease clinical Ah thou differential diagnosis is (answer: B)
A. Early personality whether the course is good
B. fluctuating
C. dementia severity
D. Hachinski scale score
E. Is there history of hypertension
107. does not belong to 1 year old immunization of infants is (answer: B)
A. polio vaccine
B. Chain cones pneumonia vaccine strain of measles vaccine
D.
C. pertussis vaccine
E. Hepatitis B vaccine
108. hypokalemia associated with hypertension should be considered first (Answer: C)
A. coarctation of the aorta
B. Primary aldosteronism
C. pheochromocytoma tumor
D. Chronic nephritis secondary to renal artery stenosis with hypertension
E.
109. clear abscess and reliable method to determine the pathogen is (answer: B)
A. antibiotic treatment observation
B. blood cultures
C. puncture bacterial culture
D. smell
E. colors
110. range of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (Answer: C)
A. Helicobacter pylori gastric cardia more than bleeding bleeding
B.
C. Treitz ligament bleeding
D. ileum above the junction of more bleeding
E. ileocecal more bleeding
111. to determine the children The most commonly used indicators of physical development is (answer: D)
A. motor development capabilities
B. language development level of intellectual development of
C.
D. reflex development
E. weight, height, head circumference
112. a controlled …

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